Discovering Water Quality Changes and Patterns of the Endangered Thi Vai Estuary in Southern Vietnam through Trend and Multivariate Analysis

Temporal and spatial water quality data are essential to evaluate human health risks. Understanding the interlinking variations between socio-economic development is key for integrated pollution management. In this study, we applied several multivariate approaches, including trend analysis, cluster principal component a 15-year dataset of monitoring (1999 2013) in Thi Vai estuary, Southern Vietnam. We discovered rapid improvement most considered parameters (e.g., DO, NH4, BOD) by step after abatement 2008. Nevertheless, nitrate concentration increased significantly at upper middle parts decreased lower part estuary. Principal (PC) analysis indicates that nowadays influenced point diffuse pollution. The first PC represents soil erosion stormwater loads catchment (TSS, PO4, Fetotal); second (DO, NO2, NO3) determines influence DO on nitrification denitrification; third (pH NH4) source dilution seawater. Therefore, study demonstrated need stricter strategies restore manage Estuary.